{"id":3011,"date":"2024-01-03T16:44:14","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T09:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/?p=3011"},"modified":"2024-01-03T16:45:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T09:45:47","slug":"green-hydrogen-in-energy-transition-and-its-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/green-hydrogen-in-energy-transition-and-its-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Hydrogen in Energy Transition and Its Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3011\" class=\"elementor elementor-3011\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09db5ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09db5ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57ea5c5\" data-id=\"57ea5c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8065002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8065002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 14-09-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen \u2013 a flexible power source \u2013 can help address<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">numerous significant<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">energy concerns. Currently, hydrogen production requires non-renewable energy sources such as natural gas and coal, which emit a material amount of greenhouse gases each year, primarily in the refinery and chemical industries. Carbon capture from non-renewable or green energy sources, combined with green hydrogen production, can assist in decarbonizing emission-intensive industries, such as iron &amp; steel and transportation, where eliminating GHG emissions has proved challenging. Hydrogen has a lot of growth potential, and the hydrogen initiatives embraced by more than 40 nations have raised the low emission aspirations even more. Of these countries, nine nations, responsible for about one-third of the total carbon emissions from the energy industry, have unveiled their domestic strategies for enhanced hydrogen use between 2021 and 2022.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nonetheless, more agile efforts are necessary to prop up the demand for clean hydrogen, which makes up only 1% of hydrogen produced and used globally. By 2030, the demand for clean hydrogen will likely have to be ramped up over 100x (vs 2020 demand) to reach net-zero by mid-century. It is also important to attract funding to speed up green hydrogen manufacturing and lower the cost of production, as well as adopt advanced technologies such as fuel cell technology, electrolysers and carbon-capturing methods of production.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cde8e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cde8e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aea2806\" data-id=\"aea2806\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfef38b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dfef38b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.16.0 - 14-09-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"381\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-03-161920.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3013\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-03-161920.png 381w, https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-03-161920-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-03-161920-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7525187 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7525187\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1989406\" data-id=\"1989406\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0866e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0866e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>Source: International Energy Agency Analysis<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c38248 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c38248\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ae4ab7\" data-id=\"3ae4ab7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fcaee9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fcaee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The number of green-hydrogen-generating plants is growing significantly; by 2030, the yearly production of green hydrogen is expected to cross 35 Mt if every declared project is completed by that time. This projection assumes that around 72% will be produced through electrolysis and low-carbon power and the remaining 28% through fossil fuels and the Carbon Capturing, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) process. Only 1.4 Mt of this potential production has reached the final investment decision phase. A promising clean energy source, hydrogen brings several benefits, which can speed up global decarbonization. Characteristics of green hydrogen include:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zero-carbon energy carrier, facilitating its use in multiple applications, such as energy cells, combustion machines, turbines, and boilers.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ability to complement and integrate with other renewable energy sources (wind and solar), providing flexibility to power grids and enhancing their trust ability.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ability to create new sources of value and profitable development, especially for regions with abundant renewable sources and implicit hydrogen demand.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the above benefits, hydrogen faces many challenges in production and distribution. Government funding for hydrogen projects has <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dropped because of altered <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">initial cost projections brought by supply chain interruptions, fluctuations in natural gas costs and the following challenges:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Considerable production costs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Producing hydrogen from low-carbon energy is<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bing.com\/search?q=Role+of+green+hydrogen+in+energy+transition\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> more expensive than producing other forms of hydrogen, including grey hydrogen (generated from fossil fuels without carbon capture) and blue hydrogen (derived from fossil fuels with carbon capture)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, attributable largely to the high capital costs of electrolysers and low <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">application rates<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of renewable power sources.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Demand-supply limitations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The demand for green hydrogen is still low, compared to fossil-based hydrogen supply, which is cheaper and more extensively available.\u00a0This reduces the urge to invest in green hydrogen infrastructure and creates a competitive market.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regulatory bottlenecks and lack of norms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Current regulations limit the development of clean hydrogen by confining the blending of hydrogen into natural gas channels or applying high levies on electricity used for electrolysis, among others. There is a need to establish common norms and standards to ensure the quality and safety of green hydrogen.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technical and logistic challenges:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The development of hydrogen production facilities is slow and holding back <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wide relinquishment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it requires new or upgraded <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">channels, storehouses, refueling stations,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and end-use equipment.\u00a0Moreover, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/bing.com\/search?q=Slow+development+of+green+hydrogen+infrastructure\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hydrogen is prone to high energy losses during transmission and distribution and has safety issues given its flammable properties and low density<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Investment <\/b><b>conditions<\/b><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Significant investments are needed in the establishment and development of hydrogen infrastructure, such as electrolysers, channels, storehouses, and refueling stations.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These challenges call for considerable investments, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inventions,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and collaboration among the stakeholders<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as governments, businesses and consumers) to help realize hydrogen&#8217;s full potential as a sustainable source of energy. Autonomous intergovernmental organizations, such as the International Energy Agency, are providing programmatic and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">practical<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> policy recommendations, analysis and data to governments and global industries to accelerate the growth of green hydrogen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen \u2013 a flexible power source \u2013 can help address numerous significant energy concerns. Currently, hydrogen production requires non-renewable energy sources such as natural gas and coal, which emit a material amount of greenhouse gases each year, primarily in the refinery and chemical industries. Carbon capture from non-renewable or green energy sources, combined with green [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3011"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3011"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3034,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3011\/revisions\/3034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gunungcapital.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}